Abstract

Biological systems depend on the high-fidelity transmission of biochemical and bioenergetic signals to maintain homeostatic regulation and structural integrity. In complex, multi-systemic pathophysiological states, non-specific metabolic fluctuations, uncoupled electron transport cascades, and elevated trans-membrane impedance act as biophysical “noise,” degrading signaling clarity and inducing functional decoupling. This paper formulates an extended mathematical and thermodynamic framework for the biological Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR_bio) within cellular information networks. By integrating Shannon’s information capacity theorem, Landauer’s principle of information erasure, and Friston’s free-energy principle, we model how thermodynamic dissipation and trans-membrane electrical impedance (Z_membrane) constrain cellular computing velocity. We demonstrate that therapeutic optimization should prioritize lowering the noise floor rather than increasing signal amplitude, thereby preventing receptor desensitization and restoring bioenergetic coherence. This expanded framework provides a quantitative foundation for non-reductionist biophysical interventions aimed at enhancing systemic cellular resilience without increasing exogenous chemical load.