Abstract

Listening is a fundamental language skill that plays a crucial role in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning. However, many learners face difficulties in understanding spoken English due to limited exposure to authentic language input and ineffective instructional practices. Therefore, effective teaching techniques and classroom practices are essential to support the development of listening comprehension. This study aims to examine instructional techniques and classroom practices used in teaching listening in EFL contexts through a systematic literature review. The study analyzed research articles published between 2020 and 2025 obtained from several academic databases. The selected studies were screened and analyzed to identify common teaching techniques and instructional strategies applied in listening instruction. The findings reveal that several techniques are frequently used by teachers to improve students’ listening comprehension, including pre-listening activities, guided listening tasks, note-taking strategies, and post listening discussions. In addition, the integration of multimedia resources such as videos, podcasts, and authentic audio materials has become increasingly important in modern listening instruction. These resources provide learners with exposure to natural spoken language and diverse communication contexts. The review also highlights the importance of interactive classroom practices such as group discussions, collaborative tasks, and role-play activities, which encourage learners to actively engage with listening materials. Overall, the results suggest that effective listening instruction requires the integration of structured instructional techniques, interactive learning activities, and technology-supported resources. The findings of this study provide insights for language teachers and researchers in developing more effective listening instruction strategies in EFL classrooms.