Abstract

This study examines water security and conflict in South Sudan: a hydro-political analysis of Nile Basin Countries relations. The purpose of the study was to investigate the intricate relationship between water resources, particularly within the Nile Basin, and the persistent conflict and instability in South Sudan. It argues that water scarcity is exacerbated by climate change and population growth, coupled with complex hydro-political dynamics among riparian states and in particular, South Sudan. The study employs a hydro-political analysis framework to examine how water resource management, allocation, and development projects within the Nile Basin influence power relations, cooperation, and conflict in South Sudan and its neighbors, notably Sudan, Ethiopia, and Egypt. By analyzing historical water agreements, contemporary water infrastructure projects (e.g.) the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam), and the socioeconomic and political implications of water access and control, this study aims to identify key drivers of water-related conflict and propose policy recommendations for enhancing water security and fostering sustainable peace in South Sudan and the broader Nile Basin countries. The study deployed mixed research design: qualitative and quantitative data collection technique through questionnaire and interview guide. The target population for the study was government officials, civil society representatives, academics, and community leaders in South Sudan and potentially other riparian states. The study acknowledged ethical considerations and the methods for data analysis, which involve thematic analysis and discourse analysis to identify patterns, themes, and underlying power dynamics. The study found that the factors contributing to water insecurity in South Sudan include political supremacy and water ownership and internal and external actors causing local conflict in South Sudan. Indeed, the Nile river contestations is a worrying trend to people of South Sudan. Foreign interference on Nile river management and governance has not provided justice to all riparian states.The study therefore recommends that, government and other stakeholders such as some aid agencies should set up programs (including reintegration) and share of water that provide opportunities for income generation to all the riparian states. South Sudan government should ensure its investments in Nile water align with other riparian governments in the region and should be anchored on peace and justice.