Abstract

This phenomenological study explores the lived understanding of the national symbols (Lupang Hinirang, Panatang Makabayan, and Panunumpa sa Watawat ng Pilipinas) among learners in a private school in Bacolod City, Philippines. The data collected from eight (8) participants through semi-structured interviews were then interpreted using thematic analysis. The findings highlighted that through these nationalistic symbols, their sense of nationalism is heightened, which is deeply rooted in early socialization, active participation, historical consciousness, and social influences. However, the study also identified challenges such as a lack of participation and shallow participation. Thus, to heighten the participation and their sense of nationalism, there is a need for in-depth learning of these national symbols provided with reflective teaching, character-based history learning, structured guidance, historical contextualization, and opportunities for active student engagement. Educators and curriculum designers may find interesting insights from this study to better improve pedagogical efforts to boost Filipino students’ patriotism and national identity.